Knee
Baker’s Cyst
A Baker’s cyst is also known as a popliteal cyst or a bulge-knee. Characterized by a buildup of joint fluid that forms a swelling behind the knee.
Symptoms
- Painless or painful swelling
- A feeling of fullness or a lump in the knee
- Stiffness or tightness
- Decreased range of motion
- Occasional clicking or locking in the knee joint
- Symptoms that worsen after activity or standing for a long time
Causes
Injury, cartilage tears, arthritis, repetitive stress.
Treatment options
Ultrasound guided cyst aspiration, Prolotherapy, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
IT Band Syndrome (Iliotibial Band Syndrome)
Iliotibial band syndrome is an overuse injury that affects the outer thigh and knee region, commonly seen in runners, cyclists, and athletes. It occurs when the IT band—a thick band of connective tissue running from the hip to the knee—becomes tight or inflamed, leading to friction and pain on the outside of the knee.
Symptoms
- Pain
- Stiffness
- Tenderness
- Swelling
- Muscle spasms
Causes
Overuse (running, cycling), poor biomechanics, muscle imbalances, inadequate stretching.
Treatment options
PRP, prolotherapy, hydrodissection, shockwave therapy.
Jumper’s Knee
Also known as patellar tendonitis, Jumper’s knee is an overuse injury. It occurs when the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shin bone.
Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness around the patellar tendon, especially during sports, climbing stairs, and bending the knee
- Swelling in the knee joint
- Knee stiffness
- Pain when landing from a jump or going up and down stairs
- Pain at rest, especially after sitting with bent knees
- A feeling of weakness in the knee
Causes
Repetitive jumping/running, injury, pre-existing conditions.
Treatment options
Shockwave, prolotherapy, PRP, hydrodissection, pulsed radiofrequencies (PRF)
Knee Bursitis
Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that exist around every joint; they are responsible for cushioning the bones, tendons, and muscles. Knee bursitis occurs when these sacs in around the knee become inflamed.
Symptoms
- Pain
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Warmth
Causes
Overuse, injury, infection, arthritis, gout, diabetes, thyroid disease.
Treatment options
Bursal fluid aspiration, Prolotherapy, PRP
Knee Osteoarthritis & Joint Pain
A degenerative process that gradually erodes cartilage in the joint, knee osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal pain.
Symptoms
- Pain that increases with activity
- Swelling
- Joint instability
- Decreased range of motion
- A locking or catching sensation in the joint
Causes
Age, genetics, obesity, family history, injury/overuse.
Treatment options
Shockwave, hyaluronic acid, PRP, SVF, pulsed radiofrequencies (PRF), radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
Knee Ligament tears
Tears in ligaments may result from acute or repetitive trauma, as well as from progressive joint degeneration associated with osteoarthritic changes, often leading to pain, instability, and functional joint limitation.
Symptoms
- A popping sensation
- Swelling or stiffness
- Pain, especially when twisting or rotating the knee
- Difficulty fully straightening the knee
- A locking sensation in the knee
- Knee instability
Causes
Pivoting, sudden stops, twisting, squatting, impact, repetitive sports motion, degeneration.
Treatment options
Shockwave, prolotherapy, PRP, SVF.
Meniscal Tears
A torn meniscus is a common knee injury frequently seen in athletes. It can result from acute or repetitive trauma, as well as from progressive joint degeneration associated with ostoarthritic changes, often leading to pain, instability, and functional joint limitation.
Symptoms
- Pivoting
- Sudden stops and turns
- Deep squatting
- Heavy lifting
- Twisting the upper leg while the foot is planted, and the knee is bent
- Stepping on an uneven surface
- Repetitive motions, such as those in sports
- Traumatic impact or injury
- Degenerative changes
Causes
Similar to ligament tears—pivoting, squatting, twisting, trauma, degeneration.
Treatment options
Shockwave, prolotherapy, PRP, SVF, pulsed radiofrequencies (PRF)
Knee Neuropathies
Neuropathies around the knee may result from acute trauma, repetitive micro-stress, mechanical compression, or degenerative joint changes, and can lead to pain, sensory disturbances, muscle weakness, and functional impairment of the lower limb.
Symptoms
- Burning, stabbing, electric-like pain
- Tingling, numbness, pins-and-needles sensations around the knee and lower leg
- Cutaneous numbness around the knee
- Localized burning sensation
Causes
Prolonged nerve pressure (sitting/casts), trauma, surgery, hypermobility, scar tissue, overuse, diabetes, vascular issues.
Treatment options
Nerve hydrodissection, PRP, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF).
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