Knee
Baker’s Cyst
A Baker’s cyst is also known as a popliteal cyst or a bulge-knee. Characterized by a buildup of joint fluid that forms a swelling behind the knee.
Symptoms
- Painless or painful swelling
- A feeling of fullness or a lump in the knee
- Stiffness or tightness
- Decreased range of motion
- Occasional clicking or locking in the knee joint
- Symptoms that worsen after activity or standing for a long time
Causes
Injury, cartilage tears, arthritis, repetitive stress.
Treatment options
Prolotherapy, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Ultrasound guided cyst aspiration.
IT Band Syndrome (Iliotibial Band Syndrome)
Iliotibial band syndrome is an overuse injury that affects the outer thigh and knee region, commonly seen in runners, cyclists, and athletes. It occurs when the IT band—a thick band of connective tissue running from the hip to the shin—becomes tight or inflamed, leading to friction and pain on the outside of the knee.
Symptoms
- Pain
- Stiffness
- Tenderness
- Swelling
- Muscle spasms
Causes
Overuse (running, cycling), poor biomechanics, muscle imbalances, inadequate stretching.
Treatment options
PRP, prolotherapy, hydrodissection, shockwave therapy.
Jumper’s Knee
Also known as patellar tendonitis, Jumper’s knee is an overuse injury. It occurs when the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shin bone.
Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness around the patellar tendon, especially during sports, climbing stairs, and bending the knee
- Swelling in the knee joint
- Knee stiffness
- Pain when landing from a jump or going up and down stairs
- Pain at rest, especially after sitting with bent knees
- A feeling of weakness in the knee
Causes
Repetitive jumping/running, injury, pre-existing conditions.
Treatment options
Shockwave, prolotherapy, PRP, SVF.
Knee Bursitis
Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that exist around every joint; they are responsible for cushioning the bones, tendons, and muscles. Knee bursitis occurs when these sacs in the knee become inflamed.
Symptoms
- Pain
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Warmth
Causes
Overuse, injury, infection, arthritis, gout, diabetes, thyroid disease.
Treatment options
Prolotherapy, PRP.
Knee Osteoarthritis & Joint Pain
A degenerative process that gradually erodes cartilage in the joint, osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis.
Symptoms
- Pain that increases with activity
- Swelling
- Joint instability
- Decreased range of motion
- A locking or catching sensation in the joint
Causes
Age, genetics, obesity, family history, injury/overuse.
Treatment options
Shockwave, hyaluronic acid, PRP, SVF,
Knee Ligament Tears
Also known as a cartilage tear, a torn meniscus is a common knee injury frequently seen in athletes.
Symptoms
- A popping sensation
- Swelling or stiffness
- Pain, especially when twisting or rotating the knee
- Difficulty fully straightening the knee
- A locking sensation in the knee
- Knee instability
Causes
Pivoting, sudden stops, twisting, squatting, impact, repetitive sports motion, degeneration.
Treatment options
Shockwave, prolotherapy, PRP, SVF.
Meniscus Tears
Also known as a cartilage tear, a torn meniscus is a common knee injury frequently seen in athletes.
Symptoms
- Pivoting
- Sudden stops and turns
- Deep squatting
- Heavy lifting
- Twisting the upper leg while the foot is planted, and the knee is bent
- Stepping on an uneven surface
- Repetitive motions, such as those in sports
- Traumatic impact or injury
- Degenerative changes
Causes
Similar to ligament tears—pivoting, squatting, twisting, trauma, degeneration.
Treatment options
Prolotherapy, shockwave, PRP, SVF.
Peroneal Neuropathy
The peroneal nerve branches from the sciatic nerve and runs along the outer part of the lower leg. It plays a critical role in controlling the muscles that lift the foot and toes, and it provides sensation to the lower leg and foot. Peroneal neuropathy occurs when the peroneal nerve becomes compressed, injured, or inflamed. The condition can lead to weakness, difficulty with movement, numbness or tingling, or pain; foot drop can also occur, particularly in the lower leg, foot, or toes).
Symptoms
- Weakness in the foot or ankle, leading to a “foot drop” gait
- Tingling, numbness, or burning sensations in the lower leg or top of the foot
- Sharp or aching pain along the outer knee or leg
- Difficulty lifting the foot or toes, especially while walking
- Muscle atrophy in the shin or foot over time if untreated
Causes
Prolonged nerve pressure (sitting/casts), trauma, surgery, hypermobility, scar tissue, overuse, diabetes, vascular issues.
Treatment options
Platelet lysate, SVF, shockwave, nerve hydrodissection.
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